E-Government and Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Administration: A Normative Legal Analysis of Modern Government Digitalization

2026-02-05T14:57:05+00:00

Digital transformation is a central pillar of Society 5.0; however, translating technological advancements into sustainable public value within public administration remains limited, particularly in terms of legal readiness. Although existing scholarship on e-government and Artificial Intelligence (AI) predominantly focuses on technological efficiency and service innovation, there remains a significant research gap concerning the absence of a robust and comprehensive legal framework governing AI-based e-government in Indonesia, which represents the central problem and novelty addressed in this study. This research examines the application of AI in e-government from a normative legal perspective, focusing on Indonesia’s regulatory preparedness. It employs normative legal methods through conceptual, statutory, and comparative approaches. The findings demonstrate that AI possesses substantial potential to enhance electronic administration by improving efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness in public services. Nevertheless, Indonesia currently lacks a comprehensive and binding legal framework specifically regulating AI implementation in e-government, particularly in relation to accountability, transparency, data protection, and legal safeguards for citizens. This regulatory deficiency generates legal uncertainty and risks undermining public trust in digital governance. A comparative analysis with the United States reveals a more structured regulatory approach to AI-based e-government, supported by clearer data protection and accountability mechanisms. This research contributes a novel legal analysis by positioning regulatory readiness as a prerequisite for responsible AI-driven governance, arguing that technological transformation must be institutionally anchored within a coherent legal framework. Strengthening Indonesia’s legal infrastructure is therefore essential to ensure accountable AI implementation and to realize sustainable digital government transformation.

Online Marriage and Divorce Fatwas: Religious Authority and the Digital Transformation of Islamic Family Law

2026-02-23T10:59:32+00:00

The rapid expansion of digital technologies has significantly transformed the production, dissemination, and authority of Islamic legal opinions (fatwas), particularly in the domain of Muslim family law. This article examines digital fatwas concerning online marriage and divorce as a critical site for understanding the reconfiguration of religious authority and Islamic legal reasoning in the digital age. Focusing specifically on issues such as virtual marriage contracts, digital guardianship, and divorce pronouncements conveyed through electronic media, the study explores how religious institutions and scholars respond to emerging online marital practices. Employing a qualitative socio-legal approach, this research analyzes selected digital fatwas issued by authoritative Islamic legal bodies and prominent scholars, alongside relevant classical fiqh doctrines on marriage and divorce. The analysis is framed through the perspectives of uṣūl al-fiqh, maqāṣid al-sharīʿah, and legal pluralism to examine the negotiation between normative Islamic law and contemporary technological realities. The findings reveal that digital fatwas on online marriage and divorce reflect both continuity and transformation within Islamic family law. While classical principles concerning consent, guardianship, and legal certainty remain foundational, digital contexts necessitate reinterpretations that reshape procedural norms and challenge traditional mechanisms of religious authority. Moreover, digital platforms contribute to the decentralization of fatwa authority, expanding public engagement while simultaneously generating legal ambiguities and contestations. This study highlights the implications of digitalization for legal legitimacy and the future development of Islamic jurisprudence in digitally mediated societies.

Journal of Law and Digital Civilization

E-Government and Artificial Intelligence in Electronic Administration: A Normative Legal Analysis of Modern Government Digitalization

Online Marriage and Divorce Fatwas: Religious Authority and the Digital Transformation of Islamic Family Law